It decreases blood glucose and increase hepatic glycogen content and prevents body weight loss. The milky white endogenous latex, produced by the plant in appreciable amount, exhibits a variety of. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the whole plant. These two species can be distinguished by the following differences. The medicinal potential of calotropis procera has been known to traditional systems of medicine for a while now with its leaves being widely used. Comparative gcms analysis of bioactive compounds in. Calotropis is used as a traditional medicinal plant with unique properties. Calotropis procera is regarded as useful medicinal plant and used in folk medicine. Plant contain milky latex in the stem which is used as an antidote for snake poison in dried form. It has been cultivated in south america and on the caribbean islands for the production of fibres.
Apple of sodom, sodom apple, stabragh and others synonymes. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of c. Ayurvedic medicine is a traditional indian practice of healing. The plant is harvested from the wild for a wide range of uses, but is especially valued as a medicinal plant and source of fibre. An recent approach on calotropis gigantea and calotropis procera. Calotropis a medicinal plant of family asclepiadaceae has been utilized in ayurveda, unani, siddha and many other traditional systems to cure diseases. Two pills are taken twice daily for 3 days to cure malaria 57. Calotropis procera a plant of traditional medicine in. Africa, asia and naturalized in australia, north america, south america more infos. Oudhia 1999a,b,c,d with unique properties oudhia and tripathi 1998, 1999a. The tree has a wide range of medicinal uses and is the source of various materials, especially fibre. The fact is that we can obtain many of the presently available drugs, either directly in the extract form or in the modified synthetic form. Calotropis procera auricula tree, dead sea apple, sodom. Calotropis gigantea commonly known as mudar or yercum belongs to the family asclepiadaceae and is a shrub about 6 m high which is widely distributed in eastern and southern parts of india3.
Preliminary phytochemical screening and gc ms issn profiling. Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology of calotropis. The latex of calotropis gigantea contains cardio glycosides, volatile fatty acids and calcium oxalate. Aiton is a spreading shrub or mediumsized tree reaching 2. Calotropis procera extract leaf root stem research paper. Calotropis procera is an evergreen shrub growing to 4 m ft by 4 m ft at a medium rate. Shrivastava, suchita singh, sanchita singh department of botany and biotechnology govt. The use of the plants, plant extracts, and pure compounds isolated from natural sources has always provided a foundation for modern pharmaceutical compounds. Calotropis procera are widely used traditional medicinal plant to treat various ailments. Media in category calotropis procerathe following 200 files are in this category, out of 221 total.
The present study reports the antioxidant and membrane protective activities of calotropis procera aqueous root extract using several in vitro assays along with the determination of phenolic as well as flavonoid contents. It is widely used in many ayurvedic treatments, both externally ksharasutra and internally. The use of the plants, plant extracts, and pure compounds isolated from natural. Pdf therapeutic and biological activities of calotropis procera ait.
Calotropis procera asclepiadaceae is a wild shrub, which grows up to a height of m and its leaves are 10 cm wide by 1719 cm long. Study on antibacterial activity of calotropis procera. Calotropis procera is a species of flowering plant in the family apocynaceae that is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. Calotropis gigantea arka uses, dose, side effects, ayurveda. Issued as a pdf on the internet, it contains basic. Asclepiadaceae has been known to the traditional systems of medicine and plant known as madar in unani medicinal system. Antimicrobial activities of calotropis procera on selected. Their distribution in india, botany, physical and chemical properties of the plant parts are provided. Calotropis gigantea is mainly used in africa and southeast asia by immigrants from india, and the uses have thus spread. It has short, shinny, and succulent stems with fine thorns acting as its leaves kamel, 2010. Traditional knowledge and use of medicinal plants in the eastern desert of egypt. Total phenol and flavonoid contents in extract were 15. Traditional medicinal uses the medicinal value of calotropis procera have been describe in older pharmacopeia.
Calotropis is a genus of plants that produce milky sap hence also commonly called milkweed. Calotropis procera possesses potent antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects against alloxaninduced diabetes in rats. Calotropis is used as a traditional medicinal plant rastogi and mehrotra 1991. It exhibits a wide range in topography and climate. The plant is erect, tall, large, much branched and perennial with milky latex throughout. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of calotropis gigantea root, latex extracts. It has a deep taproot, 34 m deep, and a secondary root system with woody lateral roots that may rapidly regenerate adventitious shoots when the plant is injured. Stout, weakly to strongly branched succulent shrub 27 m tall. Calotropis gigantea family asclepiadaceae commonly known as sweta arka is a highly medicinal drought resistant and relatively high degree salt tolerant wild plant species of the indian himalayan region. The root and latex of calotropis gigantea were screened for its antimicrobial and phytochemical activities. Hepatoprotective effects of calotropis procera root extract on experimental liver damage in animals. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics, and is also sometimes grown for the fibre obtained from its stems, and for its medicinal uses. Preliminary studies on the antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of calotropis procera root extract. The latex is applied to painful joints and swelling, fresh leaves are also use for the same purpose.
The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem. Its flowers are slightly cupshaped in appearance and their relatively short and broad petals are whitish with purple tips. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is appropriately called the botanical garden of the world. The fruit is also thick and, when opened, it is the source of thick fibers that have been made into rope and used in a multitude of ways. In ancient ayurvedic medicine the plant calotropis procera linn. The calotropis procera latex had an acidic nature with ph of 4. Calotropis procera extract leaf root stem calotropis procera is a small tree that grows in deserts especially in the dry parts of asia and africa more specifically in northern egypt as a wild plant.
The present paper enumerates the medicinal uses of part of calotropis procera for. Pharmacognostic standardization of leaves of calotropis. It strongly recommended in leprosy, hepatic and splenic enlargements, dropsy and worms. The green fruits contain a toxic milky sap that is extremely bitter and turns into a gluey coating which is resistant to soap. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects about 10% of the population. Since ancient times, people have used medicinal plants to treat varied diseases. It is a very common herb seen widely throughout india. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of calotropis procera a. Calotropis gigantea and calotropis procera aiton w. Calotropis procera root extract has the capability to. The ethno medicinal uses of the former species in orissa are also incorporated. The fruit of calotropis procera is oval and curved at the ends of the pods. Germany year 1990 isbn 3823611984 description a wellresearched book, usually with more than one photograph of each species and good information on the plant and its uses.
Calotropis procera, commonly called small crownflower or giant milkweed, is an upright, spreading, milkysapped, evergreen shrub or small tree of the milkweed family. Calotropis procera auricula tree, dead sea apple, sodom apple. This plant has many ethnic medicinal uses especially for skinrelated symptoms in the countries of its origin. Calotrope calotropis procera is very similar to giant calotrope calotropis gigantea. India, africa, saudi, yemen, lebanon, israel, jordan, sudan, iran, and afghanistan. Pharmacognostic standardization of leaves of calotropis procera ait. I received calotropis procera seeds from smartseeds a few weeks ago, soaked them in water overnight, and planted them. Its two closely similar species, caloropis procera and calotropis gigantea, possess very high pharmaceutical and ethnomedicinal importance. I used a green house with miraclegro seed starting mix and kept the seeds warm and moist with a heat pad. By contrast, calotropis gigantea crownflower is a similar but tallergrowing species that typically rises to 15 tall. Traditionally calotropis is used alone or with other medicinals caius 1986 to treat common.
Evaluation of antihyperglycaemic activity of calotropis. Calotropis gigantea, phytochemical screening, gcms analysis. The pungent latex extracted from the leaves and flowers of calotropis procera is processed and used in the commercial preparation of eye tonics. It is known to provide key resources in degraded ecosystems. Despite serious safety concerns, calotropis is used for digestive disorders including diarrhea, constipation and stomach. Publisher deutsche gesellschaft fur technische zusammenarbeit. Despite serious safety concerns, calotropis is used for digestive disorders including diarrhea, constipation and stomach ulcers. The present paper enumerates the medicinal uses of part of. Biological morphology and ethanopharmocological importance. Calotropis gigantea grows to a height of 8 to 10 ft 2.
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the whole. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of. Calotropis belongs to asclepiadaceae or milkweed or ak family which includes 280 genera and 2,000 species of worldwide distribution but most abundant in the subtropics and tropics, and rare in cold countries. The plant, calotropis procera of family asclepiadaceae, commonly known as ak is used in many ayurvedic formulations like arkelavana. Calotropis gigantea called swetarka and calotropis procera called raktarka. Calotropis procera giant milkweed tree monarch caterpillars. Asclepiadaceae, commonly known as milkweed or swallowwort, is a common wasteland weed singh et al. West african plants a photo guide calotropis procera.
Widely it is used medicinally, to treat boils, infected wounds and other skin problems in people. It is well known for their pharmacological properties, since it produces large amounts of latex. Introduction the indian subcontinent is rich in medicinal plants and is one of the richest countries in terms of genetic diversity of medicinal plants. The whole plant is used for skin diseases, boils and sores and as a tonic and purgative in small doses, and as an emetic in.
It typically grows to 68 rarely to as much as 15 tall. Population ecology and economic importance of calotropis. Calotropis procera a plant of traditional medicine in india. Ethnomedicinal, pharmaceutical and pesticidal uses of. The desert plant, calortopis procera, known also as the apple of sodom, is an important but less known medicinal plant.
Preliminary phytochemical screening and gc ms issn. Pronunciation of calotropis procera with 1 audio pronunciation, 2 translations and more for calotropis procera. Often, its another variety calotropois procera is also used in the same name. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of. Traditionally alotropis is used alone or with other medicinals caius 1986 to treat common disease such as fevers, rheumatism, indigestion, cough, cold, eczema, asthma, elephantiasis. The calotropis gigantia latex had a completely b asic. By contrast, calotropis gigantea crownflower is a similar but tallergrowing species that typically rises to 15. Pdf medicinal plants have been used to treat various ailments of the poor population. The leaves are sessile and subsessile, opposite, ovate, cordate at the base.